Numerical Simulation of Aerohydroelasticity in Construction
The factor of wind impact is crucial when validating the safety and comfort of future and already operating unique high-rise and long-span buildings and structures of modern architectural forms and original design solutions. According to the estimates of Japanese experts, for buildings over 200m high wind (corresponding to VI wind region of Russian Federation) is more dangerous for the general strength than a 9-magnitude earthquake, and in the Moscow region wind loads on buildings over 75m high may exceed the designed 5-grade impact.
Analysis of the behavior of the entire building and its individual structural members (for example, suspended facade structures, etc.) in the flow detects along with static bending deformations in the plane of the air flow and sidewise buckling from this plane a wide variety of cases of aerohydroelastic static and dynamic instability. They are induced by the cross-sectional shape, the building configuration and its orientation in relation to the flow direction, elastic and damping properties of constructions, the structure of the approach flow, determined by the terrain features and interference in the context of the dense and constantly changing development and other circumstances.
These phenomena are caused by a certain type of oscillations and it is important to pay careful attention to the mechanism of their formation. At the same time they constitute a serious danger to structural reliability and durability, as well as to people occupying these buildings. Amongst them the best known are oscillations of vortex excitation (e.g. wind resonance), galloping across the flow, galloping in co-current flow, divergence, flutter and response to baffting in the presence of self-excited forces.
Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) problems are of great and undiminishing interest in science, industry and other spheres. The prerequisite for a detailed study of the nature of aerohydroelasticity and a search for methods to solve coupled problems relating to the construction industry was a number of tragic cases of collapse (USA, the Tacoma Narrows Bridges, 1940; England, cooling towers of the Ferrybridge Power Station, 1965 etc.) and dangerous oscillations (e.g. Volgograd Bridge, 2010) of structures as a result of aerodynamic instability and structural collapses after an earthquake effect as a result of interaction with fluid (e.g. tanks in Japan, Kobe, 1995,Tomakomai, 2003).
Today there is still no comprehensive solution to coupled threedimensional dynamic problems of aerohydroelasticity therefore they require scientific-methodological and software-algorythmic development and research.
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Text: ALEXANDER BELOSTOTSKY, Director General of Stadyo R&D, the Head of REC CM MGSU,
Associate member of RAASN, D.Sc. in Engineering, Professor;
IRINA AFANASIEVA, research associate of REC CM MGSU